USART in Arduino Uno

What is USART?

USART (Universal Serial Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter) is a widely used serial communication protocol that enables data transmission and reception over a single data line at a specific baud rate. This asynchronous communication technique does not require a separate clock line, as the sender and receiver agree on timing based on predefined settings.

Challenges in the Semiconductor Supply ChImportance of USART in Embedded Systems

In embedded systems, devices such as GPS modules, GSM modules, RFID readers, sensors, and other peripherals need to exchange data with the microcontroller. To facilitate this communication, various protocols like RS232, SPI, I2C, and CAN are used. USART stands out as a simple and efficient method for asynchronous communication.

A communication protocol is essentially a set of rules that dictate how information is transmitted between devices. These rules cover aspects such as:

• Data Framing: How the data is packaged into frames for transmission.
• Character Length: The number of bits (e.g., 7, 8, or 9 bits) that make up each data character.
• Start and Stop Bits: Indicators for when data transmission begins and ends.
• Error Checking: Mechanisms like parity bits to ensure data integrity

Applications of USART

USART is crucial in various applications where microcontrollers need to interface with external devices. For instance:

• Communication with Computers: USART allows microcontrollers to send and receive data to/from a computer via USB-to-serial converters.
• Interfacing Modules: It is commonly used to interface with modules like Wi-Fi (e.g., ESP8266), Bluetooth, GPS, and GSM for wireless communication
• Debugging: Developers often use USART for debugging purposes by sending real-time data or system logs to a terminal.
• Data Logging and Monitoring: Sensors can transmit readings to a storage device or monitoring system using USART

Why Use USART?

USART provides a reliable and straightforward way to establish communication between microcontrollers and other devices. It is especially useful when clock synchronization is not feasible or required. By using USART, data can be exchanged effectively even in resource-constrained systems.